But there is another type of underdosing, in which patient and doctor are not to blame-and that is the underdosing that results from poor medicine manufacture. Define underdrive. Underdrive synonyms, underdrive pronunciation, underdrive translation, English dictionary definition of underdrive. A gearing device that causes the output drive shaft to rotate at a slower rate than the engine input shaft. N a gear in a motor vehicle that works to.
The invention includes a press having two slides disposed in opposed relationship to each other with a single crankshaft connected to each slide whereby rotation of the crankshaft causes each slide to move toward and away from the other slide. A drive mechanism is utilized to rotate the crankshaft. The drive mechanism is located under the two slides to provide protection against oil leaks. Dynamic balancers are utilized to substantially balance press inertia forces during operation, to where over 90 percent of vertical press inertia forces are balanced.
By balancing such press inertial, the press may be stopped within one crankshaft revolution. What is claimed is:1.
A mechanical press comprising:two slides disposed in opposed relationship to each other, said two slides comprising an upper slide and a lower slide;a single crankshaft to which is connected each said slide, whereby rotation of said single crankshaft causes each said slide to move toward and away from the other slide;a drive mechanism to rotate said single crankshaft; anda dynamic balancer connected to said upper slide to balance said press.2. A mechanical press comprising:two slides disposed in opposed relationship to each other;a crankshaft connected to each said slide whereby rotation of said crankshaft causes each said slide to move toward and away from the other said slide;a drive mechanism to rotate said crankshaft; anda dynamic balancer operably connected to one of said slides whereby press inertia is balanced to greater than 80 percent and vibration severity is less than 0.52 inches per second squared.3. The press of claim 2 in which said dynamic balancer balances said press inertia to greater than 90 percent.4. The press of claim 2 in which said press further includes a slide piston attached between one of said slides and said crankshaft to guide said one of said slides in rectilinear motion.5.
The press of claim 2 in which said crankshaft is located below both said slides.6. This patent claims priority from Provisional Patent Application 60/007,552, filed on Nov.
27, 1995, and since expired.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the inventionThe present invention relates to a mechanical press, and, more particularly, to a double action press.2. Description of the related artMechanical presses, for example, stamping presses and drawing presses, include a frame having a crown and bed and a slide supported within the frame for motion toward and away from the bed. Such mechanical presses are widely used for stamping and drawing operations and vary substantially in size and available tonnage depending upon the intended use.In the container art, the press workpiece or cup is usually formed of steel strip coated a with particular plastic layer. Various types of plastic are utilized to coat the steel. By carefully drawing or stamping the steel strip, containers with an interior plastic coating are created.
These plastic liners are attached to the steel so that product contained within the formed can, e.g., liquid, does not touch the steel or metal.In double action presses, a second slide replaces the bed and reciprocates in opposed relationship to the first slide. Prior double action presses had slides that where driven by a plurality of crankshafts having various connecting arrangements connected to the two slides.Disadvantages to prior double action presses are that multiple crankshafts are used to drive the opposing slides. These multiple crankshafts cause problems in the press drive, such as increased rotational inertia, which has detrimental effects on the clutches and brakes. Increased inertia causes heat build-up in the clutches and brakes of the press during operation. Slower production speeds are necessary as a result of the increased inertia of the press.Capital and operating costs are another problem with prior double action presses. There is an increase in the cost of these machines due to the additional machining required for the multiple crankshafts.
Costs include the crankshafts themselves, the bearings, and costs associated with increases in the complexity of machining portions of the press.Prior double action presses are very complex, both in assembly and service requirements. The required gearing, to correctly time the plurality of crankshafts together also increase press complexity. By having a plurality of crankshafts there is a potential for misalignment problems between the crankshafts.The output of prior double action press machines are reduced by the lack of dynamic balance of the inertial forces created by the slides, which cause vibration to be experienced by the foundation underneath the machine. An increased potential for this vibration to migrate out to neighboring presses near this machine and neighboring building is also evident.Previous double action presses consume a large area of factory floor space.
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There are also many additional systems used for each of these presses, particularly when utilized to form beverage or liquid containers from cups of a metal workpiece. Known presses use what are called 'Body Makers' and typically there are seven or eight of these machines used with the press. With these 'Body Makers', a large volume of chemical solutions are necessary to produce the drawn cup or finished workpiece.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention provides a press with a single crankshaft to drive an upper and lower slide while dynamically balancing the same. Dynamic balance of the moving slides, in one particular embodiment, utilizes two balancers. One balancer is utilized for the upper slide and one balancer for the lower slide. The press includes an underdrive system which creates special advantages for the press system when utilized in processing workpieces for containers and other goods requiring a very clean work environment. The underdrive system also includes a sealed oil chamber which further increases the cleanliness of the work area of the press.An advantage of the present invention is that the press is dynamically balanced to the degree that 90 percent or more of the inertial forces are balanced.
The press is therefore permitted to run considerably faster than an unbalanced press. Once a press obtains or operates with an unbalanced force of approximately 50 to 55 percent of press weight, an unbalanced press can begin vibrating to the point of potentially breaking off any hold down bolts. At a balance percentage of approximately 80 to 90 percent, as possible with the present invention, press speed is unlimited and is not dependant upon how much inertia the press potentially creates that could lift the machine off of the factory floor.
Dynamic balancing to such a percentage of inertial is a particular advantage as far as permissible press speed. A press speed of greater than 400 strokes per minute is therefor possible with the present invention.Another advantage of the press system of the present invention is that the dynamic balancing also eliminates the vibration severity relative to an unbalanced press machine. Vibration severity corresponds to the peak to peak change in velocities on the slide stroke or on the whole press structure during operation. When a press obtains a peak to peak change in velocity, such as an acceleration rate of 0.52 inches per second squared, the press may have problems with components, such as fittings, electrical components, etc., self destructing and flying off of the machine. The dynamic balanced condition of the present invention assists in preventing such problems.An advantage of the present invention is that the press utilizes a single crankshaft to drive both the lower and upper slides as opposed to plurality of crankshafts. As a result of the single crankshaft, the press minimizes rotational inertia, which reduces detrimental effects on the clutch and brake and permits for an increase in production speeds.
Additionally, such a construction minimizes the forces transmitted into the press foundation, frame, and associated factory floor or building.Another advantage of the present invention is that of utilization of a drive mechanism that is below, i.e, an underdrive, both of the opposed reciprocating slides. The top slide is normally formed so that any leakage out of the lubrication system and top drives do not drip on the product itself, the workpieces, cans, or cups.
The underdrive system simplifies press slide and crown design since there is no opportunity for oil leakage from the press drive on to the worked products.A further advantage of the present invention is that the single crankshaft eliminates the potential timing problems found in multiple crankshaft presses. The single crankshaft also simplifies machining, assembly and service of the press.Another advantage of the present invention is that the press structure disclosed is able to stop the reciprocating slides in no more than one crankshaft revolution. In case there is a direct press stop condition, an operator can halt the press without fracturing any associated tools or dies.Yet another advantage of the present invention is that of a sealed machine having a sealed oil chamber including oil control. The press utilizes piston guides so that it is possible to control the oil in the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic bearings, with seals as well as controlling any leakage within a vacuum system.
Vacuum equipped bearings are utilized on the piston guides attached to the slides. The piston guides permit the press to operate quickly without oil splashing out of the machine.An additional advantage is that of a sealed oil chamber press versus an open chamber press. An open chamber press is where the oil from the lubrication system can splash out of the press or foreign matter from the environment can get into the circulating lubrication system. The present invention assists in prevention of such action.Another advantage of the present invention is that of utilization of oil film bearings at all pivot points and positions, thus eliminating the problem of fretting. All loaded bearings utilize anti-friction bearings such that they are film monitored.
On occasions when the bearing fails, an immediate change in bearing pressure occurs. This permits substantially instantaneous feedback on whether a bearing is operating correctly. Film monitored bearings, as opposed to temperature monitored bearings, permit the press to be shutdown prior to bearing damage by monitoring bearing pressure. The press obtains increased life expectancy since oil film bearings are disposed at all of the pivoting and moving joints, including upper and lower slide guiding, all of the pivot points, and the main crankshaft. With such improved oil film bearings press operation may stop and start in one crankshaft revolution.Yet a further advantage of the present invention is reduction or elimination of the chemical solutions used during the redrawing or bodymaking process of beverage cans. The structure and drive mechanisms of the press do not overdraw the workpiece material. Such workpiece material is normally strip metal coated with a plastic coating.
By the particular movement of the press, a reduction or elimination of solvents needed to keep most cup or container workpiece materials together is created as compared to prior double action presses.Another advantage of the present invention is that the press mechanism has a marked reduction in the height by using a rocker arm assembly to drive the upper slide. By creating a height reduction of the entire press, costs associated with shipping are reduced since the press assembly may now be shipped by inter-modal carrier.Another advantage of the present invention is that the press design could have benefits for drawing oil filters, drawing batteries, and other items sometimes accomplished in a container production, ultra clean atmosphere.The invention, in one form thereof, includes a mechanical press having two slides disposed in opposed relationship to each other. A single crankshaft is connected to each slide whereby rotation of the crankshaft causes each slide to move toward and away from the other slide. A drive mechanism is used to rotate the crankshaft.The invention, in another form thereof, includes a mechanical press having two slides disposed in opposed relationship to each other with a crankshaft connected to each slide whereby rotation of the crankshaft causes each slide to move toward and away from the other slide. A drive mechanism is used to rotate the crankshaft. A dynamic balancer is operably connected to one of said slides whereby press inertia is balanced to greater than 80 percent.
In some embodiments, the dynamic balancer is connected directly to the slide.The invention, in another form thereof, includes a mechanical press having two slides disposed in opposed relationship to each other with a crankshaft connected to each slide whereby rotation of the crankshaft causes each slide to move toward and away from the other slide. A drive mechanism is used to rotate the crankshaft to cause the slides to reciprocate at greater than 400 strokes per minute.
Installed this set w/o the alternator pulley and with a Continental poly-v belt. Noticed better throttle response, and smoother freeway driving the most. I can't speak too well for gas mileage because I'm always 'enjoying' said throttle response, but it hasn't groove done despite driving more aggressively, so theoretically it did improve.
Installed (along with SEVERAL other mods) on my 90 C1500 Chevy 350 Gen I TBI w/ A/C and auto transmission. Because it's cheap and simple, it's a smart but for people who have a 'project car' as a daily driver. Using a quality belt that's the right size is important. I'm using the Continental 4060915 Poly-V belt. Ordered this for my mud truck to slow down the belts a bit as I had an issue with the power steering belt flipping upside down at about 7000 rpm. Easy to install, can't exactly tell a power difference with a 600 horse motor, but it did cure my belt issue. A couple things to note if you're planning to install these.
The factory belts, (at least for a 87 Chevy Pickup) will not fit, Gates part numbers are as follows: Alt: K050420 P/S: 7370 Application wise, alternator belt for an '87 Camaro with a 5.7L, power steering belt for a '79 Chevy K20 Pickup with a 5.7L. Only other issue I had with installation was that the alternator pulley was so thick I couldn't use the original lock washer, but a bit of thread lock and so far so good. Installed on 1998 v6 mustang. After installing I no longer feel the drag of the A/C when it is turned on. The car definitely revs up faster and I notice better city gas mileage I am actually able to get 17-18mpg in my city which is constantly downhill/uphill driving. Also made the engine idle much smoother than before which is one of the most noticeable differences experienced.Pros:-Very lightweight-Nice shine to them-Took 40 minutes to installI used this 94.5' belt with themhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B000C0YMX4/ref=ohdetailso01s00i00.